Behavioral Neuroscience

Stéphane Gaskin - Dawson College, Canada

Courses:
Biological Psychology / Behavioral Neuroscience | Biological Psychology / Behavioral Neuroscience | Psychobiology

January 2020 | 568 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc

Behavioral Neuroscience: Essentials and Beyond shows students the basics of biological psychology using a modern and research-based perspective. With fresh coverage of applied topics and complex phenomena, including social neuroscience and consciousness, author Stéphane Gaskin delivers the most current research and developments surrounding the brain's functions through student-centered pedagogy. Carefully crafted features introduce students to challenging biological and neuroscience-based concepts through illustrations of real-life application, exploring myths and misconceptions, and addressing students' assumptions head on.

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Preface

Acknowledgments

About the Author

CHAPTER 1. Behavioral Neuroscience: Understanding Brain-Behavior Relationships

Introduction

Module 1.1. What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?

1.1.1 The Study of Brain-Behavior Relationships

1.1.2 A Quick Look at the Brain

1.1.3 Levels of Analysis: Putting Brain-Behavior Relationships in Perspective

1.1.4 A Closer Look at the Molecular Level: Genetics

Module 1.2. The Evolution of Brain-Behavior Relationships

1.2.1 Natural Selection

1.2.2 Neuroecology: How Natural Selection Accounts for Brain-Behavior Relationships

Module 1.3. The Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience

1.3.1 Antiquity

1.3.2 The Mind-Body Problem

1.3.3 Localization of Function

Module 1.4. Studying Brain-Behavior Relationships Today

1.4.1 Brain-Damaged Patients and Structural Brain Imaging

1.4.2 Lesioning, Stimulating, and Measuring the Brain’s Activity

1.4.3 Fields of Study Related to Behavioral Neuroscience

CHAPTER 2. Neurons and Glia

Introduction

Module 2.1. Putting Neurons Into Context

2.1.1 The Place of Neurons Within the Body

2.1.2 Cell Theory and the Neuron Doctrine

2.1.3 Studying Neurons

2.1.4 The Number of Neurons and Glia in the Brain

Module 2.2. The Structure of Neurons

2.2.1 The Prototypical Neuron

2.2.2 The Diversity of Neurons

Module 2.3. The Action Potential

2.3.1 A Little Bit of Chemistry

2.3.2 Initiation of Action Potentials

2.3.3 Propagation of Action Potentials

Module 2.4. Glia

2.4.1 Putting Glia Into Context

2.4.2 The Functions of Glia

CHAPTER 3. The Synapse, Neurotransmitters, Drugs, and Addiction

Introduction

Module 3.1. The Synapse

3.1.1 What Is a Synapse?

3.1.2 What Occurs at a Synapse?

3.1.3 Synaptic Integration

3.1.4 The Varieties of Synapses

Module 3.2. Neurotransmitters

3.2.1 What Are Neurotransmitters?

3.2.2 Neurotransmitter Systems: Pathways, Functions, and Receptors

Module 3.3. Drugs and Drug Addiction

3.3.1 What Is a Drug?

3.3.2 Drug Addiction

3.3.3 Neurobiological Models of Drug Addiction

3.3.4 Mechanisms of Action of Commonly Abused Drugs

CHAPTER 4. The Nervous System

Introduction

Module 4.1. Central Nervous System Development

4.1.1 Gastrulation

4.1.2 Neurulation

4.1.3 Differentiation of the Neural Tube Into the Primary Brain Vesicles

Module 4.2. The Fully Developed Brain

4.2.1 The Structures and Functions of the Forebrain: The Telencephalon

4.2.2 The Structures and Functions of the Forebrain: The Diencephalon

4.2.3 The Midbrain and the Hindbrain

4.2.4 The Spinal Cord

4.2.5 The Protected Brain

4.2.6 Hemispheric Specialization

Module 4.3. The Peripheral Nervous System

4.3.1 The Somatic Nervous System

4.3.2 The Autonomic Nervous System

CHAPTER 5. Neurodevelopment, Neuroplasticity, and Aging

Introduction

Module 5.1. Neurodevelopment

5.1.1 Neurogenesis, Cell Proliferation, Migration, Differentiation, and Synaptogenesis

5.1.2 Adult Neurogenesis

Module 5.2. Neuroplasticity

5.2.1 What Is Neuroplasticity?

5.2.2 Structural Remodeling

5.2.3 Synaptic Plasticity

5.2.4 Cortical Plasticity

5.2.5 When Cortical Plasticity Goes Overboard

Module 5.3. The Aging Brain: Adolescence and Old Age

5.3.1 The Adolescent Brain and Behavior

5.3.2 Normal Aging of the Brain

5.3.3 Disease in the Aging Brain

CHAPTER 6. Sensation and Perception 1: Vision and Hearing

Introduction

Module 6.1. Vision

6.1.1 The Beginnings of an Image

6.1.2 Phototransduction

6.1.3 Acuity and Sensitivity

6.1.4 Receptive Fields

6.1.5 Color Vision

6.1.6 Visual Processing Beyond the Retina

Module 6.2. Hearing

6.2.1 Physical and Perceptual Dimensions of Sound

6.2.2 The Ear

6.2.3 Auditory Processing Beyond the Basilar Membrane

CHAPTER 7. Sensation and Perception 2: Taste, Smell, and Touch

Introduction

Module 7.1. Taste

7.1.1 What Is Taste and What Is It Made Of?

7.1.2 Gustatory Chemoreceptors

7.1.3 Taste Receptor Cells and Their Mechanisms

7.1.4 Taste Perception: Beyond Taste Receptor Cells

Module 7.2. Smell

7.2.1 What Is Smell and What Is It Made Of?

7.2.2 Olfactory Receptor Neurons

7.2.3 Beyond the Olfactory Bulb

7.2.4 Pheromones

Module 7.3. Touch

7.3.1 What Is Touch and What Is It Made Of?

7.3.2 Mechanoreceptors

7.3.3 Conduction and Mechanoreceptors

7.3.4 Beyond Mechanoreceptors

7.3.5 Pain

CHAPTER 8. Sensorimotor Systems

Introduction

Module 8.1. This Is What Makes You Move

8.1.1 Muscles and Muscle Contraction

8.1.2 Innervation of Muscle Cells

8.1.3 How Muscles Contract

Module 8.2. Spinal Control of Movement

8.2.1 Spinal Reflexes

8.2.2 Motor Programs

Module 8.3. Cortical Control of Movement and Sensorimotor Integration

8.3.1 Proprioception

8.3.2 The Descending Pathways

8.3.3 Anatomy of Voluntary Movement

8.3.4 Putting It All Together

CHAPTER 9. Motivation: Theories, Temperature Regulation, Energy Balance, and Sleep

Introduction

Module 9.1. Theories of Motivation

9.1.1 What Is Motivation?

9.1.2 Need Reduction Theory

9.1.3 Arousal Theory

9.1.4 Pleasure Seeking and Reward

Module 9.2. Physiological Mechanisms

9.2.1 Temperature Regulation

9.2.2 Energy Balance, Hunger, and Eating

Module 9.3. Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness

9.3.1 What Is Sleep?

9.3.2 Homeostatic and Circadian Influences on Sleep and Wakefulness

9.3.3 The Neurochemistry and Physiology of Wakefulness and Sleep

CHAPTER 10. Hormones: Social and Reproductive Behavior

Introduction

Module 10.1. What Are Hormones?

10.1.1 Hormones and Their Discovery

10.1.2 Types of Hormones and the Roles of the Hypothalamus and Pituitary

10.1.3 Steroid and Nonsteroid Hormones

10.1.4 The Actions of Specific Pituitary Hormones

Module 10.2. Hormones and Behavior

10.2.1 Social Behavior

10.2.2 Sexual and Reproductive Behavior

Module 10.3. Organizing Effects of Hormones and Sexual Orientation

10.3.1 The Organizing Effects of Hormones

10.3.2 Sexual Orientation

CHAPTER 11. Emotions

Introduction

Module 11.1. What Are Emotions?

11.1.1 Emotions, Emotional Experience, and Emotional Expression

11.1.2 Theories of Emotions

Module 11.2. Emotions: Where in the Brain?

11.2.1 Emotional Networks in the Brain

11.2.2 Emotions and the Amygdala

11.2.3 Emotions and the Amygdala in Humans

Module 11.3. Emotions and Decision Making: Beyond the Amygdala

11.3.1 The Prefrontal Cortex

11.3.2 The Somatic-Marker Hypothesis

Module 11.4. Aggression

11.4.1 What Is Aggression?

11.4.2 Aggression in the Brain

11.4.3 Aggression: Testosterone, Cortisol, and Serotonin

CHAPTER 12. Memory and Memory Systems

Introduction

Module 12.1. Memory and Memory Systems

12.1.1 What Is Memory?

12.1.2 The Stages of Memory

12.1.3 The Registers of Memory

12.1.4 Working Memory and the Brain

Module 12.2. Long-Term Memory

12.2.1 What Is Long-Term Memory?

12.2.2 The Neuroanatomy of Long-Term Memory

Module 12.3. Memory Consolidation

12.3.1 What Is Memory Consolidation?

12.3.2 Theories of Memory Consolidation

Module 12.4. Navigating Through Space: Spatial Memory

12.4.1 What Is Spatial Memory? The Hippocampus as a Navigational Device

12.4.2 Cells for Space: An Internal GPS

12.4.3 The Hippocampus and Nonspatial Memory

Module 12.5. Learning: The Acquisition of Memories

12.5.1 What Is Learning?

12.5.2 Nonassociative Learning

12.5.3 Associative Learning

12.5.4 Synaptic Plasticity: Neurons That Wire Together Fire Together

CHAPTER 13. Attention and Consciousness

Introduction

Module 13.1. Attention

13.1.1 What Is Attention?

13.1.2 Concepts in the Study of Attention

13.1.3 Attention: Where in the Brain?

13.1.4 Disorders of Attention

Module 13.2. Consciousness

13.2.1 What Is Consciousness?

13.2.2 The Problems of Consciousness

13.2.3 The Neural Correlates and Contents of Consciousness

13.2.4 A Neurobiological Theory of Consciousness

13.2.5 Disorders of Consciousness

13.2.6 Hidden Consciousness

13.2.7 Free Will

CHAPTER 14. Psychological Disorders

Introduction

Module 14.1. What Is a Psychological Disorder?

14.1.1 Defining Psychological Disorder

14.1.2 The Interacting Factors Behind Psychological Disorders

Module 14.2. Anxiety Disorders and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

14.2.1 Anxiety, Fear, and Anxiety Disorders

14.2.2 The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders

14.2.3 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

14.2.4 The Neurobiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Module 14.3. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

14.3.1 What Is Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder?

14.3.2 The Neurobiology of Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder

Module 14.4. Major Depressive Disorder

14.4.1 What Is Major Depressive Disorder?

14.4.2 The Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder

Module 14.5. Schizophrenia

14.5.1 What Is Schizophrenia?

14.5.2 The Neurobiology of Schizophrenia

CHAPTER 15. Social Neuroscience

Introduction

Module 15.1. What Is Social Neuroscience?

15.1.1 Social Neuroscience: The Chicken or the Egg?

15.1.2 The Social-Neuroscientific Perspective

Module 15.2. Self-Awareness

15.2.1 What Is Self-Awareness?

15.2.2 Self-Awareness: Where in the Brain?

Module 15.3. Theory of Mind and Empathy

15.3.1 What Is Theory of Mind?

15.3.2 Theory of Mind: Where in the Brain?

15.3.3 Empathy

Module 15.4. Social Pain

15.4.1 Two Dimensions of Physical Pain

15.4.2 Social Pain: Does It Really Hurt?

Module 15.5. Altruism

15.5.1 What Is Altruism?

15.5.2 Altruism: Where in the Brain?

Module 15.6. Cooperation and Trust

15.6.1 Game Theory

15.6.2 Game Theory and the Brain?

Glossary

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Key features

KEY FEATURES:

SAGE Premium Video in the Interactive eBook boosts student comprehension and bolsters analysis.
- Figures Brought to Life animations demonstrate concept processes with animated versions of in-text illustrations and are accompanied by easy-to-follow narrations.
A modular format makes it easy for instructors to assign students specific topics by referring to any given module or unit of the textbook.
Summaries and questions after each of the modules allow students to review key points presented in the chapter and test their understanding of the material.
It’s a Myth! boxes dispel the many myths that often circulate concerning brain and behavior.
Application boxes explore key concepts in more depth and provide students with examples of how some of the findings and information presented can be used in real-life settings.
References to original studies allow instructors to easily connect concepts to research and explain these phenomena in further detail.