Preface: Understanding Cultures in Depth
Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1. Understanding Cultural Metaphors
Constructing Cultural Metaphors
Reading and Using This Book
A Two-Dimensional Typology of Cultures
Defining Culture or Identifying Its Determinants?
When Culture Does, and Does Not, Matter
Part II. Authority-Ranking Cultures
Chapter 2. The Thai Kingdom
Chapter 3. The Japanese Garden
Combining Droplets or Energies
Similarities and Contrasts
Chapter 4. Bedouin Jewelry and Saudi Arabia
Chapter 5. Dòn Gánh: The Two Sides of Vietnam
The French Defeat and Division Into Two
The Metaphor: The Dualities of Dòn Gánh
Chapter 6. Kimchi and Korea
Strangers by Day, Lovers by Night
Part III. Scandinavian Egalitarian Cultures
Chapter 7. The Swedish Stuga
Love of Untrammeled Nature and Tradition
Individualism Through Self-Development
Chapter 8. The Finnish Sauna
From Survival to Political and Economic Success
Sauna: A Secular “Holy” Place of Equality
Communication: Comfort With Quietude
Chapter 9. The Danish Christmas Luncheon
Interdependent Individualism
Part IV. Other Egalitarian Cultures
Chapter 10. The German Symphony
Diversity of Musical Instruments
Positional Arrangements of the Musicians
Precision and Synchronicity
Chapter 11. Irish Conversations
Intersection of Gaelic and English
A Free-Flowing Conversation: Irish Hospitality
Places of Conversations: Irish Friends and Families
Chapter 12. The Canadian Backpack and Flag
Egalitarianism and Outlook
Canadians as Non-U.S. Americans
Chapter 13. Australian Outdoor Recreational Activities
Capturing the Imagination
New Realities: Beyond Stereotypes
Equality Matching Among the Tall Poppies
Chapter 14. French Wine
Part V. Market-Pricing Cultures
Chapter 15. American Football
Pregame and Halftime Entertainment
Selection, the Training Camp, and the Playbook
Individual Specialized Achievement Within the Team Structure
Aggression, High Risks, and Unpredictable Outcomes
The Church of Football and Celebrating Perfection
Chapter 16. The Traditional British House
History, Politics, Economics: Laying the Foundations
Growing Up British: Building the House
Being British: Living in the House
Part VI. Cleft National Cultures
Chapter 17. The Malaysian Balik Kampung
Returning to Nearby Roots
Reinforcing Common Values
Chapter 18. The Israeli Kibbutzim and Moshavim
Zionism, Types of Judaism, and the Palestinians
Size and Behavioral Outcomes
Traumas, Worldview, and Personality
Chapter 19. The Italian Opera
Chapter 20. Belgian Lace
Part VII. Torn National Cultures
Chapter 21. The Mexican Fiesta
Freedom Within the Social Order
Chapter 22. The Turkish Coffeehouse
Recreation, Communication, and Community Integration
Life Outside the Coffeehouse
Part VIII. The Base Culture and Its Diffusion Across Borders (Clusters of Nations): The Example of China
Chapter 23. China’s Great Wall and Cross-Cultural Paradox
The Great Wall: Long, Tortuous, and Complex History
Sun Tzu, War, and the Marketplace
Chapter 24. The Chinese Family Altar: The Expatriate Chinese Outside of China
Chapter 25. The Singapore Hawker Centers
Origins of the Hawker Centers
Ethnic Diversity but Unity
Synthesizing Traditional and New Values
Part IX. India: Tradition, Modernity, and Diversity
Chapter 26. India: The Dance of Shiva
Indian Culture: Early History
Cyclical Hindu Philosophy
The Cycle of Social Interaction
The Work and Recreation (Rejuvenation) Cycle
Chapter 27. India: A Kaleidoscope of Diversity
The Kaleidoscope of Religions and Cultural Celebrations
Images of Festivals and Feasts
Cell Phones, Call Centers, and Curriculum: Images of Change
The Changing Image of Cricket
Part X. An African Perspective
Chapter 28. The Nigerian Marketplace
Balancing Tradition and Change
Chapter 29. South African Townships
Chapter 30. The Sub-Saharan African Bush Taxi
A Short History of Africa
African Time Orientation and Fatalism
Communalism and Community Sharing
Hierarchy in African Society: Seating Arrangements in the Bush Taxi
Part XI. The Struggle for Cultural Identity and the Splintering of Nations: The Case of the Russian Empire
Chapter 31. Russian Ballet
Chapter 32. Estonian Singing
Lyrics, or the Painful History of the Proud Nation
Vocalists, or Simple Pleasures Inspired by Nature
Performance, or Singing as a Weapon
Audience, or Estonia on the Global Stage
Chapter 33. The Polish Village Church
Central Place of the Catholic Church
The Partitioning and Polish Identity
Part XII. Same Metaphor, Different Meanings
Chapter 34. The Spanish Bullfight
The Pompous Entrance Parade
The Ritual of the Bullfight
Chapter 35. The Portuguese Bullfight
Stratification Amid Unity
Part XIII. Popular Music as Cultural Metaphors
Chapter 36. The Brazilian Samba
Chapter 37. The Argentine Tango
Tango Music and Composers
The Dynamics of the Dance
Tango Singers and Their Lyrics
Applying What We’ve Learned
Part XIV. Overlapping Cultural Metaphors for Geographically Related Nations
Chapter 38. Cultural Metaphors for the Caribbean
A Brief History of the Caribbean Region
Cultural Metaphors for the Caribbean
Personal Experiences With Caribbean Metaphors
Developing Complementary Cultural Metaphors
References
Index
About the Authors