The Journal of Entrepreneurship
Small Business/Entrepreneurship
The Journal of Entrepreneurship is a multidisciplinary forum for the publication of articles and research and discussion of issues that bear upon and enfold the field of entrepreneurship. The Journal of Entrepreneurship (JOE) is designed to disseminate the research outcomes of innovative challenging, and dynamic nature of the field with special reference to emerging economies. The journal focuses on the changing contours of entrepreneurial research and training and acquaints the readers with the latest trends and directions of explorations in the theory and practice of entrepreneurship. The originality evaluation, strong peer review of JoE helps to get high quality research papers with innovative methodologies, conceptual discoveries which leads to the contribution of knowledge and expands the frontiers of our knowledge and insight.
The JOE is tri-annual journal published in March, July and November every year by SAGE Publications since 1992 in print and electronic format. Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDII), (www.ediindia.org) Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, reserves all copyrights. The International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) for print version is 0971-3557 and for online is 0973-0745
The journal is peer-reviewed and is indexed in Australian Business Deans Council (ABDC), Cabells , Chartered Association of Business Schools (ABS), Clarivate Analytics: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), DeepDyve, Dutch-KB, EBSCO, EconLit, Indian Citation Index (ICI), J-Gate, OCLC, Ohio, Portico, ProQuest: International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), SCOPUS, and UGC-CARE (GROUP II). Along with these the journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
The Journal of Entrepreneurship is also available electronically on SAGE Journals Online at http://journals.sagepub.com/home/JOE.
The Journal of Entrepreneurship is a multidisciplinary forum for the publication of articles and research and discussion of issues that bear upon and enfold the field of entrepreneurship. Topics appropriate and related to entrepreneurship include entrepreneurship theories, entrepreneurial behavioural, entrepreneurial strategy, entrepreneurial ventures, family business, social entrepreneurship and international entrepreneurship. Disciplinary boundaries that straddle entrepreneurship theory and research include economics, psychology, sociology, anthropology, history, management and others. The journal particularly welcomes articles that advance our understanding of entrepreneurship phenomenon across different national and cultural contexts. Articles should be well articulated and substantive. The journal is peer-reviewed.
| Sunil Shukla | Director General, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, India |
| Suresh Bhagavatula | Professor, Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, Bengaluru, India |
| Amit Kumar Dwivedi | Associate Professor and In-Charge, Department of Policy Advocacy, Knowledge & Research, Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, India |
| Vishal K Gupta | Professor, Culverhouse College of Business, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA |
| Ajit K Mohanty | Emeritus Fellow, Utkal University & Former Professor & ICSSR National Fellow Chief Adviser, NMRC, JNU, New Delhi, India |
| Minet Schindehutte | Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship, Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA |
| Veronica Scuotto | Associate Professor in Business Enterprise and Management, Department of Economics, Management and Institutions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy |
| Masato Abe | Economic Affairs Officer, United Nations ESCAP, Bangkok, Thailand |
| Michael H Morris | Professor, Entrepreneurship and Social Innovation, Keough School of Global Affairs, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA |
| Sailendra Narain | Former Chairman and Managing Director, Small Industries Development Bank of India, Mumbai, India |
| Philippe Regnier | Professor and Dean (Research), School of Management Fribourg, University of Applied Sciences, Western Switzerland |
| Ray Smilor | Professor of Emeritus, Neely School of Business, Texas Christian University, Texas, USA |
| Ramakrishna Velamuri | Professor and Dean, School of Management, Mahindra University, Hyderabad, India |
| Rebecca White | Director, Entrepreneurship and James W. Walter Distinguished Chair of Entrepreneurship and Professor, Entrepreneurship Center, The University of Tampa, Tampa, USA |
| Ganapathi Batthini | Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, India |
| Subrata Biswal | Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, Ahmedabad, India |
The Journal of Entrepreneurship (JOE)
This Journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics
The Journal of Entrepreneurship is hosted on Sage Peer Review; a web based online submission and peer review system. Please read the Manuscript Submission guidelines below, and then visit https://peerreview.sagepub.com/joe to login and submit your article online.
Please note that manuscripts not conforming to these guidelines may be returned.
Only manuscripts of sufficient quality that meet the aims and scope of The Journal of Entrepreneurship will be reviewed.
There are no fees payable to submit or publish in this Journal. Open Access options are available - see section 3.3 below.
As part of the submission process you will be required to warrant that you are submitting your original work, that you have the rights in the work, and that you have obtained and can supply all necessary permissions for the reproduction of any copyright works not owned by you, that you are submitting the work for first publication in the Journal and that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere and has not already been published elsewhere.
If you have any questions about publishing with Sage, please visit the Sage Journal Solutions Portal
1.1 Aims & Scope
1.2 Article types
1.3 Writing your paper
2.1 Peer review policy
2.2 Authorship
2.3 Acknowledgements
2.4 Funding
2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests
2.6 Research data
3.1 Publication ethics
3.2 Contributor’s publishing agreement
3.3 Open access and author archiving
4.1 Formatting
4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics
4.3 Supplementary material
4.4 Reference style
5.1 ORCID
5.2 Information required for completing your submission
5.3 Permissions
6. On acceptance and publication
6.1 Sage Production
6.2 Online First publication
6.3 Access to your published article
6.4 Promoting your article
1.1 Aims & Scope
Before submitting your manuscript to The Journal of Entrepreneurship, please ensure you have read the Aims & Scope
1.2 Article types
There could be three to five sections in the journal:
- Research Articles
- Perspectives
- Notes
- Commentaries
- Case
- Book Reviews
Perspectives shall ordinarily be articles, essays, think pieces on an issue or a subject of interest to researchers and scholars. Such idea-based articles by their very nature cut across different areas and disciplines. Perspective pieces will be featured as and when the Editors receive suitable ones. The Editors may, from time to time, also seek contributions from well-known and recognised scholars and thinkers for perspectives.
Research Articles based on empirical evidence which help define an area of study relevant and related to entrepreneurship, critically evaluate previous theory and research, and advance cumulative knowledge in the field. The manuscripts should not ordinarily exceed approximately 8000 words.
Notes and Comments: This section, when featured shall report on research findings in brief as well as commentaries on previously published work, retrospections, reflections, subjects relevant to the understanding of entrepreneurship phenomena.
Book Reviews covers reviews of current books on entrepreneurship and management.
The Sage Author Gateway has some general advice and on how to get published, plus links to further resources. Sage Author Services also offers authors a variety of ways to improve and enhance their article including English language editing, plagiarism detection, and video abstract and infographic preparation.
1.3.1 Make your article discoverable
When writing up your paper, think about how you can make it discoverable. The title, keywords and abstract are key to ensuring readers find your article through search engines such as Google. For information and guidance on how best to title your article, write your abstract and select your keywords, have a look at this page on the Gateway: How to Help Readers Find Your Article Online
2 Editorial policies
2.1 Peer review policy
The Journal of Entrepreneurship adheres to a rigorous double-anonymize reviewing policy in which the identity of both the reviewer and author are always concealed from both parties.
2.2 Authorship
All parties who have made a substantive contribution to the article should be listed as authors. Principal authorship, authorship order, and other publication credits should be based on the relative scientific or professional contributions of the individuals involved, regardless of their status. A student is usually listed as principal author on any multiple-authored publication that substantially derives from the student’s dissertation or thesis.
If the named authors for a manuscript change at any point between submission and acceptance, an Authorship Change Form must be completed and digitally signed by all authors (including any added or removed) . An addition of an author is only permitted following feedback raised during peer review. Completed forms can be uploaded at Revision Submission stage or emailed to the Journal Editorial Office contact (listed on the journal’s manuscript submission guidelines). All requests will be moderated by the Editor and/or Sage staff.
Important: Changes to the author by-line by adding or deleting authors are NOT permitted following acceptance of a paper.
Please note that AI chatbots, for example ChatGPT, should not be listed as authors. For more information see the policy on Use of ChatGPT and generative AI tools.
2.3 Acknowledgements
All contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be listed in an Acknowledgements section. Examples of those who might be acknowledged include a person who provided purely technical help, or a department chair who provided only general support.
Please supply any personal acknowledgements separately to the main text to facilitate anonymous peer review.
2.3.1 Writing assistance
Individuals who provided writing assistance, e.g. from a specialist communications company, do not qualify as authors and so should be included in the Acknowledgements section. Authors must disclose any writing assistance – including the individual’s name, company and level of input – and identify the entity that paid for this assistance. It is not necessary to disclose use of language polishing services.
2.4 Funding
The Journal of Entrepreneurship requires all authors to acknowledge their funding in a consistent fashion under a separate heading. Please visit the Funding Acknowledgements page on the Sage Journal Author Gateway to confirm the format of the acknowledgment text in the event of funding, or state that: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
2.5 Declaration of conflicting interests
The Journal of Entrepreneurship encourages authors to include a declaration of any conflicting interests and recommends you review the good practice guidelines on the Sage Journal Author Gateway
Please ensure that a ‘Declaration of Conflicting Interests’ statement is included at the end of your manuscript, after any acknowledgements and prior to the references. If no conflict exists, please state that ‘The Author(s) declare(s) that there is no conflict of interest’.
The journal is committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research, and has the following research data sharing policy. For more information, including FAQs please visit the Sage Research Data policy pages.
Subject to appropriate ethical and legal considerations, authors are encouraged to:
- share your research data in a relevant public data repository
- include a data availability statement linking to your data. If it is not possible to share your data, we encourage you to consider using the statement to explain why it cannot be shared.
- cite this data in your research
3.1 Publication ethics
Sage is committed to upholding the integrity of the academic record. We encourage authors to refer to the Committee on Publication Ethics’ International Standards for Authors and view the Publication Ethics page on the Sage Author Gateway
3.1.1 Plagiarism
The Journal of Entrepreneurship and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. We seek to protect the rights of our authors and we always investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of published articles. Equally, we seek to protect the reputation of the journal against malpractice. Submitted articles may be checked with duplication-checking software. Where an article, for example, is found to have plagiarised other work or included third-party copyright material without permission or with insufficient acknowledgement, or where the authorship of the article is contested, we reserve the right to take action including, but not limited to: publishing an erratum or corrigendum (correction); retracting the article; taking up the matter with the head of department or dean of the author's institution and/or relevant academic bodies or societies; or taking appropriate legal action.
3.1.2 Prior publication
If material has been previously published it is not generally acceptable for publication in a Sage journal. However, there are certain circumstances where previously published material can be considered for publication. Please refer to the guidance on the Sage Author Gateway or if in doubt, contact the Editor at the address given below.
3.2 Contributor’s publishing agreement
Before publication, Sage requires the author as the rights holder to sign a Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement. Sage’s Journal Contributor’s Publishing Agreement is an exclusive licence agreement which means that the author retains copyright in the work but grants Sage the sole and exclusive right and licence to publish for the full legal term of copyright. Exceptions may exist where an assignment of copyright is required or preferred by a proprietor other than Sage. In this case copyright in the work will be assigned from the author to the society. For more information please visit the Sage Author Gateway.
3.3 Open access and author archiving
The Journal of Entrepreneurship offers optional open access publishing via the Sage Choice programme and Open Access agreements, where authors can publish open access either discounted or free of charge depending on the agreement with Sage. Find out if your institution is participating by visiting Open Access Agreements at Sage. For more information on Open Access publishing options at Sage please visit Sage Open Access. For information on funding body compliance, and depositing your article in repositories, please visit Sage’s Author Archiving and Re-Use Guidelines and Publishing Policies.
4. Preparing your manuscript for submission
4.1 Formatting
The preferred format for your manuscript is MS-Word.
The manuscript must include the following:
- Title of the paper, name of author, author’s affiliation and institutional address with pin code, email id and abstract of not more than 150 words. In case there are two or more authors, then corresponding author’s name and postal address details must be clearly specified.
- The contributors should provide 4–6 keywords for online searchability.
- The title should be concise and not more than ten words and should include keywords that describe the article's subject matter.
For each text citation there must be a corresponding citation in the reference list and for each reference list citation there must be a corresponding text citation. Tables should be provided in editable format. Both tables and figures should be referred to in the text by number separately (e.g., Table 1) not by placement (e.g., see Table below).
All figures and tables should be cited in the text and should have the source (a specific URL, a reference or, if it is author’s own work, ‘The author(s)’) mentioned irrespective of whether or not they require permissions.
- The language and spellings used should be British (UK), with ‘s’ variant, for example, globalisation instead of globalization, programme instead of program. For non-English and uncommon words and phrases, use italics throughout the text. Meaning of non-English words should be given in parentheses just after the word when it is used for the first time.
- Articles should use non-sexist and non-racist language.
- Spell out numbers from one to nine, 10 and above to remain in figures. However, for exact measurement (e.g., China’s GDP growth rate 9.8 per cent) use numbers. Very large round numbers, especially sums of money, may be expressed by a mixture of numerals and spelled-out numbers (India’s population 1.2 billion). Use thousands and millions, not lakhs and crores.
- Single quotes should be used throughout. Double quote marks are to be used within single quotes. Spellings of words in quotations should not be changed. Quotations of 45 words or more should be separated from the text.
- Notes should be numbered serially and presented at the end of article. Notes must contain more than a mere reference. However, mere URLs may be incorporated in the endnotes. Use notes to elaborate an issue that is already made in the main text.
- Use ‘per cent’ instead of % in the text. In tables, graphs, etc., % can be used. Use ‘twentieth century’, ‘the 1990s’.
- Abbreviations are spelled out at first occurrence. Very common ones (US, GDP, BBC) need not be spelled out. Also, do not use period/full stop in abbreviations (USA, USSR). Use period/full stop after initials (R. K. Laxman).
- Give specific dates in the form 22 November 1980. Decades should be referred to as ‘twentieth century’, ‘1980s’.
References should come at the end of the manuscript.
4.2 Artwork, figures and other graphics
For guidance on the preparation of illustrations, pictures and graphs in electronic format, please visit Sage’s Manuscript Submission Guidelines
- Figures, including maps, graphs and drawings, should not be larger than page size. They should be numbered and arranged as per their references in the text. All photographs and scanned images should have a resolution of minimum 300 dpi and 1,500 pixels and their format should be TIFF or JPEG.
- Due permissions should be taken for copyright protected photographs/images. Even for photographs/images available in the public domain, it should be clearly ascertained whether or not their reproduction requires permission for purposes of publishing (which is a profit-making endeavour).
- All photographs/scanned images should be provided separately in a folder along with the main article.
Please Note: All figures and tables should be cited in the text and should have the source (a specific URL, a reference or, if it is author’s own work, ‘The Author’) mentioned irrespective of whether or not they require permissions.
Figures supplied in colour will appear in colour online regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For specifically requested colour reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Sage after receipt of your accepted article.
4.3 Supplementary material
This journal is able to host additional materials online (e.g. datasets, podcasts, videos, images etc) alongside the full-text of the article. For more information please refer to our guidelines on submitting supplementary files
4.4 Reference style
The Journal of Entrepreneurship adheres to the APA reference style. View the APA guidelines to ensure your manuscript conforms to this reference style.
- References: A consolidated listing of all books, articles, essays, theses and documents referred to (including any referred to in the tables, graphs and maps) should be provided at the end of the article.
- Arrangement of references: Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work. In each reference, authors’ names are inverted (last name first) for all authors (first, second or subsequent ones).
- Chronological listing: If more than one work by the same author(s) is cited, they should be listed in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.
- Sentence case: In references, sentence case (only the first word and any proper noun are capitalized—e.g., ‘The software industry in India’) is to be followed for the titles of papers, books, articles, etc.
- Title case: In references, Journal titles are put in title case (first letter of all words except articles and conjunctions are capitalized—e.g., Journal of Business Ethics).
- Italicize: Book and Journal titles are to be italicized.
The Journal of Entrepreneurship is hosted on Sage Peer Review; a web based online submission and peer review system. Please read the Manuscript Submission guidelines below, and then visit https://peerreview.sagepub.com/joe to login and submit your article online.
Authors submitting their research to the journal are required to suggest names of three researchers currently active in the specific area of research issues addressed in the paper.
Authors will be provided with a copyright form once the contribution is accepted for publication. The submission will be considered as final only after the filled-in and signed copyright form is received. In case there are two or more authors, the corresponding author needs to sign the copyright form.
5.1 ORCID
As part of our commitment to ensuring an ethical, transparent and fair peer review process Sage is a supporting member of ORCID, the Open Researcher and Contributor ID. ORCID provides a unique and persistent digital identifier that distinguishes researchers from every other researcher, even those who share the same name, and, through integration in key research workflows such as manuscript and grant submission, supports automated linkages between researchers and their professional activities, ensuring that their work is recognized.
The collection of ORCID IDs from corresponding authors is now part of the submission process of this Journal. If you already have an ORCID ID you will be asked to associate that to your submission during the online submission process. We also strongly encourage all co-authors to link their ORCID ID to their accounts in our online peer review platforms. It takes seconds to do: click the link when prompted, sign into your ORCID account and our systems are automatically updated. Your ORCID ID will become part of your accepted publication’s metadata, making your work attributable to you and only you. Your ORCID ID is published with your article so that fellow researchers reading your work can link to your ORCID profile and from there link to your other publications.
If you do not already have an ORCID ID please follow this link to create one or visit our ORCID homepage to learn more.
5.2 Information required for completing your submission
You will be asked to provide contact details and academic affiliations for all co-authors and identify who is to be the corresponding author. These details must match what appears on your manuscript. The affiliation listed in the manuscript should be the institution where the research was conducted. If an author has moved to a new institution since completing the research, the new affiliation can be included in a manuscript note at the end of the paper. At this stage please ensure you have included all the required statements and declarations and provided any additional supplementary files (including reporting guidelines where relevant).
5.3 Permissions
Please also ensure that you have obtained any necessary permission from copyright holders for reproducing any illustrations, tables, figures or lengthy quotations previously published elsewhere. For further information including guidance on fair dealing for criticism and review, please see the Copyright and Permissions page on the Sage Author Gateway.
6. On acceptance and publication
6.1 Sage Production
Your Sage Production Editor will keep you informed as to your article’s progress throughout the production process. Proofs will be made available to the corresponding author via email, and corrections should be made directly or notified to us promptly. Authors are reminded to check their proofs carefully to confirm that all author information, including names, affiliations, sequence and contact details are correct, and that Funding and Conflict of Interest statements, if any, are accurate.
6.2 Online First publication
Online First allows final articles (completed and approved articles awaiting assignment to a future issue) to be published online prior to their inclusion in a journal issue, which significantly reduces the lead time between submission and publication. Visit the Sage Journals help page for more details, including how to cite Online First articles.
6.3 Access to your published article
Sage provides authors with online access to their final article.
6.4 Promoting your article
Publication is not the end of the process! You can help disseminate your paper and ensure it is as widely read and cited as possible. The Sage Author Gateway has numerous resources to help you promote your work. Visit the Promote Your Article page on the Gateway for tips and advice.
7. Further information
Any correspondence, queries or additional requests for information on the manuscript submission process should be sent to the The Journal of Entrepreneurship editorial office as follows:
The Editors, The Journal of Entrepreneurship.
E-mail: joe@ediindia.org