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Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Published in Association with Argentine Arthroscopy Association
Published in Association with Arthroscopy Association of Canada
Published in Association with Argentine Association for Sports Traumatology
Published in Association with Australian Knee Society
Published in Association with Brazilian Knee Surgery Society (SBCJ)
Published in Association with Colombian Association of Arthroscopic Surgery
Published in Association with Chinese Society of Sports Medicine
Published in Association with Danish Association of Sports Medicine
Published in Association with Egyptian Arthroscopy Association
Published in Association with The Forum
Published in Association with Francophone Arthroscopy Society
Published in Association with German Knee Society
Published in Association with Hungarian Arthroscopy Association (HAA)
Published in Association with Indonesian Hip and Knee Society
Published in Association with Indian Arthroscopy Society
Published in Association with Irish Shoulder & Elbow Society
Published in Association with Korean Arthroscopy Society (KAS)
Published in Association with Polish Arthroscopic Society
Published in Association with New Zealand Knee & Sports Society
Published in Association with South African Knee Society
Published in Association with Spanish Society for Sports Traumatology
Published in Association with Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery
An Open Access Journal for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy and Knee Arthroplasty

eISSN: 23259671 | ISSN: 23259671 | Current volume: 12 | Current issue: 3 Frequency: Monthly

The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM), developed by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), is a global, peer-reviewed, open access journal that combines the interests of researchers and clinical practitioners across orthopaedic sports medicine, arthroscopy, and knee and shoulder arthroplasty.

Topics include original research in the areas of:

  • Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment of orthopaedic sports injuries
  • Arthroscopic Surgery (Shoulder/Elbow/Wrist/Hip/Knee/Ankle/Foot)
  • Relevant translational research
  • Sports traumatology/epidemiology
  • Knee and shoulder arthroplasty

The OJSM also publishes relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

EDITORIAL:
Read the first Editorial Open Access for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, written by Editor-in-Chief Bruce Reider, MD and Associate Editors Drs. Allen F. Anderson and Mark E. Steiner.

OJSM FAQs:
Find out more about OJSM, read the OJSM FAQs.

Editorial Board:
The OJSM editorial board members hail from over 30 different countries. This map recognizes a global presence by highlighting the locations of our distinguished editorial board in red.

Abstract Supplements:
OJSM accepts meeting and poster abstracts from partner societies for publication in the Journal. Click here for submission details.

The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine (OJSM), developed by the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM), is a global, peer-reviewed, open access journal that combines the interests of researchers and clinical practitioners across orthopaedic sports medicine, arthroscopy, and knee and shoulder arthroplasty.

The aim of OJSM is to provide a truly international source of high-quality peer-reviewed clinical research, relevant basic and translational research, and review articles.

Topics include original research in the areas of:

  • Orthopaedic sports medicine, including surgical and nonsurgical treatment of orthopaedic sports injuries
  • Arthroscopic surgery (shoulder/elbow/wrist/hip/knee/ankle/foot)
  • Relevant translational research
  • Sports traumatology/epidemiology
  • Knee and shoulder arthroplasty

OJSM also publishes relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses as well as consensus statements and scientific meeting abstracts of affiliated societies.

Editor-in-Chief
Bruce Reider, MD University of Chicago, AOSSM, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Associate Editors
Julian Feller, MB, BS (Hons) OrthoSport Victoria, Richmond, VIC 3124, Australia
Donald C. Fithian, MD Torrey Pines Orthopaedic Medical Group, San Diego, California, USA
Keith Kenter, MD Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
Daniel C. Wascher, MD University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Ivan Ho-Bun Wong, MD, FRCS(C), MACM, Dip. Sports Med Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
Assistant Editor for Social Media
Douglas A. Evans, MD Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
Board of Trustees
Stephen F. Brockmeier, MD Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Charles A. Bush-Joseph, MD Chicago, Illinois, USA
Lutul D. Farrow, MD Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Frank Winston Gwathmey Jr, MD Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Mark D. Miller, MD Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Martha Meaney Murray, MD Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Bruce Reider, MD University of Chicago, AOSSM, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Kurt P. Spindler, MD Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Beth Shubin Stein, MD New York, New York, USA
Dean C. Taylor, MD Durham, North Carolina, USA
Edward M. Wojtys, MD Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Editorial Staff
Elizabeth Johnson Editorial Administrator
Renee Zagozdon Editorial Coordinator
Editorial Board Representatives
Camilo Helito, MD, PhD, Prof Brazilian Knee Surgery Society (SBCJ), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Kristoffer Barfod, MD, PhD Danish Association of Sports Medicine (DIMS)
Tahsin Beyzadeoglu, MD Istanbul, Turkey
Nicolaas C. Budhiparama Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Department of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Philippe Clavert, MD, PhD Francophone Arthroscopy Society (SFA)
Benno Ejnisman, MD Brazilian Society for Arthroscopy and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine (SBRATE)
Deepak Goyal, MBBS, MS, DNB Ahmedabad, India
Chul-Won Ha, MD, PhD Korean Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (KOSSM)
Adel Hamed, MD Egyptian Arthroscopy Association (EGAA)
Camilo Helito ,MD, PhD Brazilian Knee Surgery Society (SBCJ)
Yinghui Hua, MD, PhD Shanghai, China
Christian Lattermann, MD Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery (AGA)
Lance E. LeClere, MD Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons (SOMOS)
Alberto E. Martínez Trillos, MD Columbian Association of Arthroscopic Surgery (ACCART)
Andri Maruli Tua Lubis, MD, PhD Indonesian Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy (IOSSMA)
Hideo Matsumoto, MD, PhD Japanese Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (JOSSM)
Juan D. Ayala Mejías, MD, PhD Spanish Society for Sports Traumatology (SETRADE)
Mauro Minig, MD Argentine Association for Sports Traumatology (AATD)
Philipp Niemeyer, MD, PhD German Knee Society- Deutsche Kniegesellschaft (DKG)
Pericles P. Papadopoulos, MD, PhD Greek Association of Arthroscopy Knee Surgery and Sports Injuries (GAA)
Mark V. Paterno, PT, PhD, MBA, SCS, ATC Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine Society (PRiSM)
Attila Pavlik, MD, PhD Hungarian Arthroscopy Association (HAA)
Simon N.J. Roberts, MA, BM Bch, FRCS (Ortho) FFSEM(UK) British Orthopaedic Sports Trauma and Arthroscopy Association (BOSTAA)
Daniel Slullitel, MD Argentine Arthroscopy Association (AAA)
Anders Stålman, MD, PhD Swedish Society of Exercise and Sports Medicine (SFAIM)
Allison Tucker, MD, MSc, FRCS(C) Arthroscopy Association of Canada (AAC)
Alex Vaisman, MD Latin American Society of Arthroscopy, Knee, and Sports (SLARD)
Christopher Vertullo, MBBS, FRACS, FAOrthA Australian Knee Society (AKS)
Stefano Zaffagnini Italian Society of Knee Arthroscopy, Sports, Cartilage, and Orthopaedic Technology (SIGASCOT)
Editorial Board
Rene J. Abdalla, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Ashraf Abdelkafy, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Georgina Allen, MD Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; St. Lukes Radiology, Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom
Markus P. Arnold, MD, PhD Professor, LEONARDO - Physicians for Orthopaedic and Traumatologic Surgery, Hirslanden Klinik Birshof, Münchenstein/Basel, Switzerland
Miguel A. Ayerza MD, PhD Department of Orthopedics, Hospital Italiano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Maurice Balke, MD Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Cologne Merheim Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
Knut Beitzel, MA, MD München, Germany
Roland M. Biedert, MD Professor, Sportclinic Villa Linde, Biel, Switzerland
Patrick M. Birmingham, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NorthShore University Health System, Chicago, IL, USA
Leslie J. Bisson, MD June A. and Eugene R. Mindell, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Orthopaedics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Amherst, NY, USA
Melbourne D. Boynton, MD Vermont Orthopaedic Clinic, Rutland, VT, USA
Matthew Brick, MBchB, FRACS(Ortho) Millennium Institute of Sport and Health, Auckland, New Zealand
Stephen F. Brockmeier, MD Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Daniel D. Buss, MD Sports and Orthopaedic Specialists, Edina, MN, USA
E. Lyle Cain, Jr, MD American Sports Medicine Institute, Andrews Sports Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
Michael R. Carmont, MBBS, FRCS(Tr&Orth) Telford, UK
Mark G. Clatworthy, MBChB, FRACS Department of Orthopaedics, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
Brian J. Cole, MD, MBA Chicago, IL, United States
James A. Cooper, PhD MATTER, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Andrew J. Cosgarea, MD Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chief, Division of Sports Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Magali Cucchiarini, PhD Associate Professor, Molecular Biology, Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Homburg/Saar, Germany
David Henri DeJour, MD Director, Lyon-Ortho-Clinic, Lyon, France
Juan M. Del Castillo, MD Clínica de Traumatología y Ortopedia de la Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
Clayton Del Prince, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, UBMD Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Buffalo, NY, USA
Aman Dhawan, MD Asociate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
David R. Diduch, MD, MS Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health Systems, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Lee H. Diehl, MD Durham, North Carolina, USA
Jeffrey R. Dugas, MD American Sports Medicine Institute, Birmingham, AL, USA
Mohammed ElAttar, MBBCH, MD Lecturer of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Julian A. Feller, FRACS Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Giuseppe Filardo, MD, PhD Bologna, Italy
Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, PhD School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
Niklaus F. Friederich, MD Professor, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Charles J. Gatt, Jr, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Somerset, NJ, USA
Robin M. Gehrmann, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, North Jersey Orthopaedic Group, Millburn, NJ, USA
C. David Geier, Jr, MD Sports Medicine Specialists of Charleston, Mount Pleasant, SC, USA
Anastasios D. Georgoulis, MD Professor, Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Center of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
Alberto Gobbi, MD O.A.S.I. Bioresearch Foundation, Gobbi NPO, Milan, Italy
Andreas H. Gomoll, MD New York, NY, United States
Stefan H. Greiner, MD Department of Orthopaedics, Sporthopaedicum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Yong-Chan Ha, MD Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Javad Hashemi, PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Ocean and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
Sherwin S.W. Ho, MD Professor and Director of Sports Medicine Fellowship, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Shuji Horibe, MD, PhD Habikino, Japan
Ali Hosseini, PhD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Michael Hulstyn, MD Providence, RI, United States
Andreas B. Imhoff, MD Munich, Germany
Mary Lloyd Ireland, MD Department of Orthopaedics, University of Kentucky Healthcare, Lexington, KY, USA
Alan Ivkovic, MD, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
Morgan H. Jones, MD, MPH Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Bernhard Jost, MD Professor, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Lee D. Kaplan, MD Division of Sports Medicine, Lennar Foundation Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA
Miguel A. Khoury, MD Hudson, Argentina
Nobuto Kitamura, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
Gunnar Knutsen, MD, PhD Consultant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital North Norway, Tromso, Norway
Masahiko Kobayashi, MD, PhD Kyoto, Japan
Mininder S. Kocher, MD, MPH Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Jason Lee Koh, MD Evanston, IL, USA
Lars Konradsen, MD Consultant, Bispebjerg Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
Urho M. Kujala, MD, PhD Professor, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
L. Daniel Latt, MD, PhD Tucson, Arizona, USA
Stephen E. Lemos, MD, PhD President/Chair, DMC Sports Medicine, Director, Center for Education and Research, and Program Director, DMC Sports Medicine Fellowship, DMC Sports Medicine Institute, Warren, MI, USA; Professor, Orthopaedic Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medic
Michael Leunig, MD Department of Orthopaedics, Schulthess Clinic, Zürich, Switzerland
Jit-Kheng Lim, MBBCh, FRCSEd, FRCSGlasg, FRCSEd(Orth), MSportMed Minimally Invasive Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Elizabeth Medical Center, Singapore
Martin Lind, MD, PhD Professor, Division of Sports Trauma, Department of Orthopaedics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
Umile Giuseppe Longo, MD Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
Olaf Lorbach, MD, PhD Lorsch, Germany
Hsiao-Li Ma, MD Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
Robert A. Magnussen, MD, MPH Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Michael Maloney, MD Rochester, New York, USA
Rodrigo Mardones, MD Clinica Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
Robert G. McCormack, MD, FRCSC Professor, Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada
Dominik C. Meyer, MD Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
Charles Milgrom, MD Professor, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
Kai Mithoefer, MD Harvard Medical School, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
Yu Mochizuki, MD Director, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
Takeshi Muneta, MD, PhD Director, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
Martha Meaney Murray, MD Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Timothy D. Noakes, OMS, MBChB, MD, DSc, PhD (hc) Emeritus Professor, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Barry W. Oakes, MBBS, MD Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cheltenham Sports Medicine Clinic, Cheltenham, Victoria, Australia
Hiroshi Ohuchi, MD Department of Sports Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa-shi, Japan
Sam Oussedik, BSc, MBBS, FRCS(Tr&Orth) London, UK
Jin-Young Park, MD, PhD Director, Center for Shoulder, Elbow, and Sports Medicine, Neon Orthopaedic Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
David A. Parker, MD Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Associate Professor, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Halit Pinar, MD Izmir, Turkey
Leo A. Pinczewski, FRACS Associate Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Mater Hospital, Wollstonecraft, Australia
Pietro Randelli, MD Professor, Istituto Ortopedico Gaetano Pini, Milan, Italy
Jan Harald Røtterud, MD Consultant, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Holter, Norway
J. R. Rudzki, MD Clinical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
Michell Ruiz-Suarez, MD, PhD National Rehabilitation Centre, CDMX, Mexico
Patrick Sadoghi, MD, PhD, MBA Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Jose Antonio San Juan, MD Cebu Orthopaedic Institute, Cebu City, Philippines
Mikel Sanchez, MD Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
Ina Shaw, PhD Research Fellow, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
Orrin H. Sherman, MD New York, NY, USA
Rogerio T. Silva, MD, PhD Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, NEO Sports Medicine Center, São Paulo, Brazil
Michael Simoni, MD Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Samaritano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Robert Smigielski, MD Head, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Department, "Mirai" Institute for Orthopaedic and Physiotherapy, Warsaw, Poland; International Institute for Orthopaedic Research, MIBO Foundation, Warsaw, Poland
Matthew V. Smith, MD Washington University, Chesterfield, MO, USA
David H. Sonnabend, MD Professor, Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
Bertrand Sonnery-Cottet, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Orthopedique Santy, Lyon, France
David Stoller, MD National Director of Orthopaedic Imaging, RadNet, San Francisco, CA, USA
Steven J. Svoboda, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, NY, USA
István Szabó, MD, PhD, MedHabil Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaposi Mor Teaching Hospital, Kaposvar, Hungary
Timothy N. Taft, MD Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Dean C. Taylor, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
Samir G. Tejwani, MD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA
James Van den Bogaerde, MD University of California-Davis, Granite Bay, CA, USA
Willem M. Van Der Merwe, MD Department of Sports Sciences Orthopaedic Clinic, Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
Peter C. M. Verdonk, MD, PhD Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Antwerp OrthoCenter, Antwerp, Belgium
Matjaz Veselko, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Traumatology, Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Darius G. Viskontas, MD, FRCSC Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Columbian Hospital, University of British Columbia, New Westminster, BC, Canada
Michael L. Voight, PT, DHSc, OCS, SCS, ATC, FAPTA Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Eric Wall, MD Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
W. Angus Wallace, FRCS(Ed&Eng), FRCSEd(Orth), FFSEM(UK-Hon) Emeritus Professor, Department of Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma & Sports Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
Michael Wettstein, MD Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Institut de Traumatologie et d'Orthopédie du Léman Suisse, Genolier, Switzerland
Daniel B. Whelan, MD Department of Orthopaedics, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
Brian R. Wolf, MD, MS Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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  • The editor of OJSM, Bruce Reider, can be contacted via e-mail at breider@ojsm.org.

    The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine: An Open Access Journal for Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy and Knee Arthroplasty is a publication of the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM). Manuscripts must not be under simultaneous consideration by any other publication, before or during the peer-review process. Articles published in OJSM may not be published elsewhere without written permission from the publisher. The Journal recognizes complete editorial independence from the AOSSM and all other affiliated societies.

    Only manuscripts that meet the aims and scope of OJSM are reviewed. OJSM utilizes a double-anonymized peer-review process for new submissions, which includes a minimum of 2 referees as well as an Associate Editor and the Editor-in-Chief. Revised manuscripts are reviewed by the assigned Associate Editor, who evaluates the revision and decides whether the authors have responded adequately to the reviewers’ comments and whether further revisions are required before the submission can be considered acceptable. The authors of some manuscripts originally submitted to the American Journal of Sports Medicine (AJSM) may be invited to revise their work according to the comments of the AJSM peer referees and submit the revision to OJSM.

    These revised AJSM manuscripts are reviewed by an Associate Editor in the same manner as other revised manuscripts. The following criteria are used in evaluating all manuscripts: study design, quality of execution, quality of writing, contribution to current knowledge, acknowledgment of study limitations, support of the Journal’s mission, and compliance with COPE and ICMJE guidelines for ethical publication. All manuscript decisions are approved by the Editor-in-Chief, who may request additional changes or modify the decision. All reviewers are required to update their disclosures each year to minimize potential reviewer bias.

    As part of the submission process, you will be required to warrant that you are submitting your original work, that you have the rights in the work, that you are submitting the work for first publication in the Journal and that it is not being considered for publication elsewhere and has not already been published elsewhere, and that you have obtained and can supply all necessary permissions for the reproduction of any copyright works not owned by you.

    The Editor or members of the Editorial Board may occasionally submit their own manuscripts for possible publication in the journal. In these cases, the peer review process will be managed by alternative members of the Board and the submitting Editor/Board member will have no involvement in the decision-making process.

    This journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

    Any submissions on/after January 1, 2023, will incur the updated pricing structure, outlined below. There are no fees payable to submit to this journal. Article processing charges are only assessed upon acceptance.

    1. $1500 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank high-income country  (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC), without any of the below criteria being met
    2. $1125 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank high-income country (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC) and if the author is a member of an affiliated society (for a list of affiliated societies, please click here) or if the contribution is cascaded from The American Journal of Sports Medicine or Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
    3. $1200 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank upper-middle income country (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC) and is not a member of an affiliated society
    4. $900 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank upper-middle Income country  (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC) and is a member of an affiliated society or if the contribution is cascaded from The American Journal of Sports Medicine or Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach
    5. $400 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank lower-middle income (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC) country and is not a member of an affiliated society
    6. $300 for a direct submission from an author who resides in a World Bank lower-middle income (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LMC) country, and is a member of an affiliated society or if the contribution is cascaded from The American Journal of Sports Medicine or Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

    The processing fee will be waived if the author resides in a World Bank low-income (http://data.worldbank.org/income-level/LIC) country

    Please note that Canadian authors will need to pay the applicable tax with the Article Processing Charge. 

    OJSM is now accepting manuscripts at https://submit.ojsm.org.

    Download the OJSM Manuscript Submission Guidelines or see below.

    Download the OJSM Ethics Policies.

    1. Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    2. Submissions
    3. Manuscript Formats
    4. Manuscript Preparation
      4.1 Abstract
      4.2 Study Designs
      4.3 Text
      4.4 Acknowledgment
      4.5 References
      4.6 Figures and Tables
      4.7 Videos
    5. Accepted Manuscripts
    6. Abstract Submission Guidelines
    7. Important Notice on Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement

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    1. Manuscript Submission Guidelines

    Manuscripts must not be under simultaneous consideration by any other publication, before or during the peer-review process, and cannot be uploaded to any preprint server. Articles published in OJSM may not be published elsewhere without written permission from the publisher.

    Manuscripts should cite any other work by one or more of the co-authors that is relevant to the subject matter of the current submission or that used any of the same subjects, animals, or specimens being reported in the current submission. This includes manuscripts that are currently under preparation, are being considered by journals, are accepted for publication, or already published. In any of these cases, the relationship to the current submission should be made clear.

    The authors retain copyright under the terms outlined by the Creative Commons Attribution Open Access Noncommercial License Agreement. This license stipulates that anyone is free to copy, distribute, and display the article provided they give credit to the article. For more information on the Creative Commons Noncommercial Attribution License, please visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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    2. Submissions

    Authors should register on our online submission site at https://submit.ojsm.org to submit manuscripts.

    When manuscripts have been received by the editorial office, the corresponding author will be sent an acknowledgment giving an assigned manuscript number, which should be used with all subsequent correspondence for anything related to that particular manuscript.

    The following items are required on submission:

    1. Anonymized manuscript including the abstract and figures legends. No identifying information should appear in the uploaded manuscript. Please remove author names, initials, and institutions.
    2. Journal Contributor Publishing Agreement and OJSM Author Disclosure Statement. These forms are available for download from the Author Area of the submission site. The corresponding author must complete the forms on behalf of all coauthors and return them to OJSM by e-mail or upload them online as a PDF or Word file using the ‘‘upload legal documents’’ option. All legal forms must be submitted with a handwritten (not typed) signature. As an alternative to the OJSM disclosure form, authors may submit the ICMJE disclosure form along with the OJSM Supplemental Form available on our website. The AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (https://openpaymentsdata.cms.gov). Any combined payments listed over $500/year from a single company should be included. Authors should include payments from the previous 5 years.
    3. A copy of the IRB or other agency approval (or waiver) if animal subjects or human subjects or tissues or health information were used.
    4. The original study protocol for all registered clinical trials must be included and can be uploaded as a supplemental file. This information should be anonymized for peer review (remove author name and location as well as trial registration number). The protocol information from the registration site or the formal protocol for the study design are acceptable. Use of a CONSORT flow diagram is required to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients for all randomized clinical trials. The CONSORT checklist must also be completed and uploaded as a supplemental file.
    5. The authors must declare the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI), if applicable, in the performance of this study or the writing of the manuscript. If AI was used, the author must identify the program and describe in detail how the AI was used.

    Authors may be asked to supply full supporting data for their study. If the author refuses this request, the paper will be rejected without further review. Cover letter, acknowledgments, and suggested reviewers are optional. If a paper has more than 5 authors, a cover letter detailing the contributions of all authors should be included in the appropriate box on the submission page. Only those involved in writing the paper should be included in the author line. Others should be listed as a footnote or acknowledgment. While there is no limit on the number of authors, no more than 12 will be listed on the masthead of the published article; additional authors will be listed at the end of the article. These authors will be indexed in Index Medicus as full authors.

    If the named authors for a manuscript change at any point between submission and acceptance, an Authorship Change Form must be completed and digitally signed by all authors (including any added or removed). An addition of an author is only permitted following feedback raised during peer review. Completed forms can be uploaded at Revision Submission stage or emailed to the Journal Editorial Office contact (info@ojsm.org).

    IMPORTANT: Changes to the author by-line by adding or deleting authors are NOT permitted following acceptance of a paper.

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    3. Manuscript Formats

    Manuscript pages should be double-spaced with consecutive page numbers and continuous line numbers. The abstract should be included with the manuscript as well as being entered in the Metadata section (except for case reports, which do not require abstracts). There are no limitations on figures, tables, and references. The system handles most common word processing formats; however, MS Word files for text and Word or Excel tables are preferred.

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    4. Manuscript Preparation

    4.1 Abstract

    Abstracts should summarize the contents of the article in 350 words or less. The abstract should be structured in the following format:

    Background: In one or two sentences, summarize the scientific body of knowledge surrounding your study and how this led to your investigation.

    Hypothesis/Purpose: State the theory(ies) that you are attempting to prove or disprove by your study or the purpose if no hypothesis exists.

    Study Design: Identify the overall design of your study. See list below.

    Methods: Succinctly summarize the overall methods you used in your investigation. Include the study population, type of intervention, method of data collection, and length of the study.

    Results: Report the most important results of your study. Only include positive results that are statistically significant, or important negative results that are supported by adequate power. Report actual data, not just P values.

    Conclusion: State the answer to your original question or hypothesis. Summarize the most important conclusions that can be directly drawn from your study.

    Clinical Relevance: If yours was a laboratory study, describe its relevance to clinical sports medicine.

    Key Terms: Provide at least 4 key words for indexing.

    What is known about the subject: Please state what is currently known about this subject to place your study in perspective for the reviewers.

    What this study adds to existing knowledge: Please state what this study adds to the existing knowledge.

    The last two items are for reviewers only and are not included in the word count, but should appear at the end of the abstract in the uploaded text.

    4.2 Study Designs

    Meta-analysis: A systematic overview of studies that pools results of two or more studies to obtain an overall answer to a question or interest. Summarizes quantitatively the evidence regarding a treatment, procedure, or association.

    Systematic Review: An article that examines published material on a clearly described subject in a systematic way. There must be a description of how the evidence on this topic was tracked down, from what sources and with what inclusion and exclusion criteria.

    Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial: A group of patients is randomized into an experimental group and a control group. These groups are followed up for the variables / outcomes of interest. NOTE: All clinical trials started after January 1, 2016 must be prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov or a similar database recognized by the ICMJE to be considered for publication. See list of ICMJE-acceptable registries at http://www.icmje.org/about-icmje/faqs/clinical-trials-registration/.

    Crossover Study Design: The administration of two or more experimental therapies one after the other in a specified or random order to the same group of patients.

    Cohort Study: Involves identification of two groups (cohorts) of patients, one which did receive the exposure of interest, and one which did not, and following these cohorts forward for the outcome of interest.

    Case-Control Study: A study that involves identifying patients who have the outcome of interest (cases) and patients without the same outcome (controls), and looking back to see if they had the exposure of interest.

    Cross-Sectional Study: The observation of a defined population at a single point in time or time interval. Exposure and outcome are determined simultaneously.

    Case Series: Describes characteristics of a group of patients with a particular disease or who have undergone a particular procedure. Design may be prospective or retrospective. No control group is used in the study, although the discussion may compare the results to other published outcomes.

    Case Report: Similar to the case series, except that only one or a small group of cases is reported.

    Descriptive Epidemiology Study: Observational study describing the injuries occurring in a particular sport.

    Controlled Laboratory Study: An in vitro or in vivo investigation in which 1 group receiving an experimental treatment is compared to 1 or more groups receiving no treatment or an alternate treatment.

    Descriptive Laboratory Study: An in vivo or in vitro study that describes characteristics such as anatomy, physiology, or kinesiology of a broad range of subjects or a specific group of interest. Authors should choose the design that best fits the study.

    The Editor will make the final determination of the study design and level of evidence based on the Center for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines.

    4.3 Text

    In general, follow the standard IMRAD (Introduction,  Methods, Results, Discussion) format for writing scientific articles. The author is responsible for all statements made in the work, including copyeditor changes, which the author will have an opportunity to verify. Authors with limited fluency in English should have the paper reviewed or edited by a native English speaker to ensure clear presentation of the work. Papers including human or animal subjects must include a statement of approval by appropriate agencies in the text, and a copy of the approval letter must be uploaded with the submission. If approval was not required, authors must upload a waiver statement from the appropriate agency. The institution should not be mentioned in the anonymized manuscript, but should be added on acceptance. Additionally, all studies with human subjects must include the date range for enrollment in the study. For retrospective studies, please include the date of treatment. For human cadaveric specimens, please provide source (eg, donation to university anatomy program) and state if permission was obtained for use. Additionally, all studies involving animals must conform to ARRIVE guidelines. If available, please include the source of animal joint or tissue specimens. For case reports, a letter from the patient granting permission for his/her information to be included in the publication is required.

    Reports on surgery, except in rare instances, require a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

    Use generic names of drugs or devices. If a particular brand was used in a study, insert the brand name along with the name and location of the manufacturer in parentheses after the generic name when the drug or device is first mentioned in the text.

    Use metric units in measurements (centimeter vs inch, kilogram vs pound).

    Abbreviations should be used sparingly. When abbreviations are used, give the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses the first time it is mentioned in the text, such as femur-ACL-tibia complex (FATC).

    Use of a CONSORT flow diagram is required to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients in all randomized controlled trials and is recommended for all other types of clinical studies.

    Statistical methods should be described in detail. Actual P values should be used unless less than .001. Reporting of 95% confidence intervals is encouraged.

    4.4 Acknowledgment

    Type the acknowledgments in the box provided on the submission page. Give credit to technical assistants and professional colleagues who contributed to the quality of the paper but are not listed as authors. Please briefly describe the contributions made by persons being acknowledged.

    4.5 References

    References should be double-spaced in alphabetical order by the last name of the first author and numbered according to alphabetical listing. If references are not in alphabetical order the uploaded file will be REJECTED and will have to be resubmitted with the references in the correct form. When author entries are the same, alphabetize by the first word of the title. In general, use the Index Medicus form for abbreviating journal titles and the AMA Manual of Style (11th ed) for format. Note: References must be retrievable. Published papers and papers published on preprint servers can be listed in the reference list. Do not include in the reference list meeting presentations that have not been published. Data such as presentations and articles that have been submitted for publication but have not been accepted must be put in the text as unpublished data immediately after mention of the information (for example, ‘‘Smith and Jones (unpublished data, 2000) noted ... ’’). Personal communications and other references to unpublished data are discouraged. For review purposes, unpublished references that are closely related to the submitted paper or are important for understanding it should be uploaded as anonymized supplemental files.

    References will be linked to Medline citations for the reviewers. Authors can include articles that are in e-publish mode by including the article’s DOI (digital object identifier): Emery CA, Meeuwisse WH. Injury rates and mechanisms of injury in hockey [published online ahead of print May 3, 2012]. Orthop J Sports Med. doi:10.1177/0363546512472621.

    4.6 Figures and Tables

    Any material that is submitted with an article that has been reproduced from another source (that is, has been copyrighted previously) must conform to the current copyright regulations. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain written permission for reproduction of copyrighted material and for providing the editorial office with that documentation before the material will be reproduced in the Journal.

    Be sure to include figure legends in the text. The figure legend should include descriptions of each figure part and identify the meaning of any symbols or arrows. Terms used for labels and in the legend must be consistent with those in the text. A CONSORT flow diagram should be included for all randomized clinical trials to illustrate the grouping and flow of patients.

    Authors are encouraged to submit their figures in color, as there is an unlimited use of color in the Journal.

    Figures for papers accepted for publication must meet the image resolution requirements of the publisher, Sage Publications. Files for line-based drawings (no grayscale) should ideally be submitted in the format they were originally created; if submitting scanned versions, files should be 1200 dots per inch (dpi). Color photos should be submitted at 600 dpi and black-and-white photos at 300 dpi.

    Charts and graphs should whenever possible be submitted in the original form created (eg, Word, Excel, or PowerPoint). Photographs or scanned drawings embedded in Word or PowerPoint, while acceptable for review, are not acceptable for publication. If figures are embedded in the submitted manuscript for ease of reading, they should also be submitted as separate files for use in the publication process.

    All photographs of patients that disclose their identity must be accompanied by a signed photographic release granting permission for their likeness to be reproduced in the article. If this is not provided, the patient’s eyes must be occluded to prevent recognition.

    For tables, the system accepts most common word processing formats. Tables should be numbered consecutively and have a title that describes the content and purpose of the table. Tables should enhance, not duplicate, information in the text.

    4.7 Videos

    Use of supplementary video is encouraged. Videos may be submitted with a manuscript and, if approved by the editor, will be posted online with the article when published. Video submission is strongly encouraged for manuscripts reporting surgical, examination, or exercise techniques or injury mechanisms. For more information about the format requirements for videos, please review our Author Gateway. For detailed information pertaining to copyright and permissions requirements, view the Video Permission and Fair Use Quick Guide. For videos with identifiable subjects, subjects will need to sign the Audio-Visual Likeness Release form. It is the author’s responsibility to submit signed release forms, if necessary, for each video.

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    5. Accepted Manuscripts

    Once an article is accepted and typeset, authors will be required to carefully read and correct their manuscript proofs that have been copyedited by the publisher. Any extensive changes made by authors on the proofs will be charged to authors at the rate of $2 a line. Authors are responsible for ordering reprints of their articles. No corrections can be made after online publication, including corrections to author names and affiliations. All corrections must be made at the proofing stage.

    Letters to the Editor

    Letters to the editor should be submitted online at https://submit.ojsm.org. Use the link "Submit a Letter to the Editor" at the top of the page. Letters should include all authors' names at the end of the body of the letter. The author disclosure form and contributor publishing agreement are required for letters to the editor. Letters will be sent to the author of the paper discussed for a reply.

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    6. Abstract Submission Guidelines

    OJSM accepts meeting and poster abstracts from partner societies for publication in the Journal. Abstracts will appear in a supplementary issue to the Journal. Interested societies should contact Renee Zagozdon (renee@aossm.org). On behalf of all abstract authors, the participating society must provide permission for OJSM to publish the abstracts, and submissions must conform to the Journal’s format and style requirements.

    Download the OJSM Abstract Submission Guidelines or see below for details and related files.

    The following items are required for publication:

    1. A list of all abstracts in order of appearance should be submitted to the managing editor, Renee Zagozdon (renee@aossm.org). Please use the Abstract Submissions Spreadsheet for this purpose (see point 2 below). A DOI (digital object identifier) number will then be assigned to each abstract, and the spreadsheet will be sent back to you.
    2. On behalf of all abstract authors, the participating society must provide permission for OJSM to publish the abstracts by (1) completing the Publications Permission Form and (2) confirming on the Abstract Submissions Spreadsheet (Schedule A) that permission has been received for each abstract. Participating societies should retain signed Publications Permission Forms in the event that a question is raised regarding permission. Abstracts will not be accepted until this process has been completed.
    3. Abstracts should be submitted in English and clearly and concisely written; they may be unstructured or structured, as appropriate. Authors are required to submit their abstracts in the OJSM Abstracts Template to ensure that they conforms to the Journal’s layout, style, and legal requirements. Each abstract must be in a separate Word file, named according to DOI number (note: please use “_” in place of “/” when saving documents). Tables must be embedded in the Word file in an editable format; do not submit images of tables. Abstracts submitted in a different format will be returned.
    4. The participating society will be held responsible for submitting each abstract with the correct volume and issue number, as provided by the managing editor. This will be assigned when the Abstracts Spreadsheet is returned to the participating society.
    5. Only abstracts presented at the participating society’s meeting in the form of original research poster or podium presentations may be submitted for publication.

    Please note, meeting and poster abstracts are not copyedited or proofread. Authors are responsible for ensuring the accuracy of the contents as submitted.

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    7. Important Notice on Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement

    OJSM and Sage take issues of copyright infringement, plagiarism or other breaches of best practice in publication very seriously. We seek to protect the rights of our authors and we always investigate claims of plagiarism or misuse of articles published in the journal. Equally, we seek to protect the reputation of the journal. Submitted articles may be checked using duplication-checking software. Where an article is found to have plagiarized other work or included third-party copyright material without permission or with insufficient acknowledgement, or where authorship of the article is contested, or where data or other information found to be incorrect or falsified, we reserve the right to take action including, but not limited to: publishing an erratum or corrigendum (correction), retracting the article, taking up the matter with the head of department or dean of the author’s institution and/or relevant academic bodies or societies, banning the author from publication in the journal or all Sage journals, or appropriate legal action.

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