Funding Acknowledgements

All research articles should have a funding acknowledgement statement included in the manuscript in the form of a sentence under a separate heading entitled ‘Funding’ directly after your Acknowledgements and Declaration of Conflicting Interests, if applicable, and prior to any Notes and your References. The funding agency should be written out in full, followed by the grant number in square brackets, see following example (the text in bold is mandatory, unless specified otherwise by the journal):

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the Medical Research Council [grant number xxx].

Multiple grant numbers should be separated by comma and space. Where the research was supported by more than one agency, the different agencies should be separated by semi-colon, with “and” before the final funder. Thus:

This work was supported by the Trust [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Natural Environment Research Council [grant number zzzz]; and the Economic and Social Research Council [grant number aaaa].

In some cases, research is not funded by a specific project grant, but rather from the block grant and other resources available to a university, college or other research institution. Where no specific funding has been provided for the research we ask that corresponding authors use the following sentence:

The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Please include this information under a separate heading entitled ‘Funding’ directly after any Acknowledgements and Declaration of Conflicting Interests (if applicable), and prior to any Notes and your References.

Important note: If you have any concerns that the provision of this information may compromise your anonymity dependent on the peer review policy of this journal outlined above, you can withhold this information until you submit your final accepted manuscript.

Sage journals will consider industry funded papers only if funding (where relevant) is fully declared within the manuscript. Authors must also declare whether the funding body had any role in the design of the study or in the analysis and interpretation of data.

Direct or indirect funding must be declared. Indirect funding includes third-party entities receiving funding from one of the industries listed below, or any industry, where the funder could be seen to have a vested interest in the results of a study.

Industry-specific funding includes but is not limited to:

• Pharmaceutical industry funding: funding, either directly or indirectly must be fully disclosed in the manuscript.
• Tobacco industry funding: Work funded, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, by a tobacco company, tobacco industry organization or tobacco-affiliated funding MUST be declared in the manuscript.
• E-cigarette industry funding: the same full disclosure approach as with pharmaceutical industry funding is requested by research funded in part or in full by the e-cigarette industry.
• CBD industry funding: The same full disclosure approach as with pharmaceutical industry funding is requested by research funded in part or in full by the CBD industry.

Failure to declare industry specific funding, or when an article is commissioned, can result in immediate rejection of the paper. Failure to comply with this funding policy comes to light after publication, the journal will issue a formal correction to or retraction of the whole paper, as appropriate.