Preface
To the Student: How to Use This Book
Scoring the Pretest and Posttests
Recommendations for Instructor Use of This Book
Introduction
Three Generations of Behavior Change
Origins of the Behavior Change Approach
Characteristics of the Behavior Change Approach
Applications of the Behavior Change Approach
Journals and Professional Organizations
1. Specifying Behavior
Overt and Covert Behaviors
Clarifying Vague Terms and Fuzzy Language
Measuring Response Strength
The Behavioral Assessment Approach
Chapter Posttest Questions
2. Positive Reinforcement
Examples of Positive Reinforcement
Factors That Influence Reinforcer Effectiveness
How to Identify Potential Reinforcers
How to Evaluate the Effect of a Stimulus as a Positive Reinforcer
Reinforcement of Behavior: Social, Tangible, and Self-Administered
Chapter Posttest Questions
3. Extinction
Decreasing Response Strength
Single-Subject Evaluation Designs
Applying Extinction to Decrease Undesired Behaviors
Consistency and Control of Reinforcement
Positive Reinforcement of Appropriate Behaviors
Chapter Posttest Questions
4. Positive Reinforcement Contingencies
Behavioral Contingencies and Positive Reinforcement
Accidental Reinforcement Contingencies
Self-Control Reinforcement Contingencies
Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement
Characteristics of Various Schedules of Reinforcement
Chapter Posttest Questions
5. Shaping and Response Differentiation
Differential Reinforcement
Shaping With Successive Approximations
Chapter Posttest Questions
6. Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization
The Discrimination Training Procedure
Chapter Posttest Questions
7. Conditioned Reinforcement and Chaining
Conditioned Reinforcement
Simple and Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers
Establishing a Conditioned Reinforcer
Establishing Relationships With Clients
Fading Out Unconditioned Reinforcers
Developing New Behaviors Using Chaining
Chapter Posttest Questions
8. Modeling and Imitation
The Role of Modeling and Imitation in the Acquisition of Behaviors
The Modeling Plus Positive Reinforcement Procedure
Chapter Posttest Questions
9. Punishment
Aversive Stimuli and Punishers
Physical Punishment and Spanking
Extinction and Negative Punishment
Maximizing the Effectiveness of Punishment
Punishment and Self-Control
Disadvantages of Punishment
Alternatives to Punishment
Chapter Posttest Questions
10. Negative Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcers, Punishers, and Aversive Stimuli
Phobias and Negative Reinforcement
Superstitious Behavior and Negative Reinforcement
Negative Reinforcement and Interpersonal Relationships
Chapter Posttest Questions
11. Respondent Conditioning
Respondent Conditioning of Phobias
Escape, Avoidance, and Respondent Conditioning
Operant and Respondent Control of Behaviors
Chapter Posttest Questions
12. Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
Obstacles to the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
Strategies for Promoting the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
Chapter Posttest Questions
13. Behavioral Assessment
Introduction to Behavioral Assessment
Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency
Elements of Behavioral Assessment
Interviews and Assessment Instruments
Functional Behavioral Assessment
Identifying Controlling Relationships With RAC-S
Chapter Posttest Questions
14. Goal Setting, Intervention Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
Formulating Behavior Change Goals
Developing the Intervention Plan
Implementation of the Behavior Change Program
Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Behavior Change Program
Behaviorally Oriented Record Keeping
Outline of the Problem-Solving Framework
Chapter Posttest Questions
15. Clinical Application of Behavioral and Cognitive Intervention Techniques
Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques
Behavioral Activation Therapy
Third-Generation Behavior Change Approaches
Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Considerations in Choosing Intervention Techniques
Chapter Posttest Questions
Appendix 1: Case Examples
Appendix 2: Chapter Pretest Questions
Appendix 3: Chapter Pretest Answers
Appendix 4: Chapter Posttest Answers
Appendix 5: Course Posttest Questions
Appendix 6: Course Posttest Answers
Appendix 7: Notational Symbols and Behavioral Diagrams
Glossary
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Authors