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An Introduction to Intercultural Communication
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An Introduction to Intercultural Communication
Identities in a Global Community

Tenth Edition


July 2020 | 520 pages | SAGE Publications, Inc
An Introduction to Intercultural Communication equips students with the knowledge and skills to be competent and confident intercultural communicators. Best-selling author Fred E. Jandt guides readers through key concepts and helps them connect intercultural competence to their own life experiences in order to enhance understanding. Employing his signature accessible writing style, Jandt presents balanced, up-to-date content in a way that readers find interesting and thought-provoking. The Tenth Edition gives increased attention to contemporary social issues in today’s global community such as gender identifications, social class identity, and immigration and refugees.


Included with this title:

The password-protected Instructor Resource Site (formally known as SAGE Edge)
offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides. Learn more.

 
Preface
 
Acknowledgments
 
About the Author
 
Part 1: Culture as Context for Communication
 
Chapter 1: Defining Culture and Communication
Sources of Identity

 
Religion and Identity

 
National Identity

 
Class and Identity

 
Gender and Identity

 
Race, Skin Color, Ethnicity, and Identity

 
Civilization and Identity

 
Culture

 
Subculture

 
Ethnicity

 
Co-Culture

 
American Indians

 
Subgroup and Counterculture

 
Microculture and Community

 
Communication

 
Cultural Definitions of Communication

 
Confucian Perspectives on Communication

 
Western Perspectives on Communication

 
The Media of Intercultural Communication

 
Human Couriers and Intermediaries

 
Telephone

 
Internet

 
Social Media

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 2: Intercultural Communication Competence
Intercultural Communication Competence

 
Intercultural Communication Ethics

 
Multiple Cultural Identities

 
Third Culture

 
Multiculturalism

 
Postethnic Cultures

 
Barriers to Intercultural Communication

 
Anxiety

 
Assuming Similarity Instead of Difference

 
Ethnocentrism

 
Stereotypes and Prejudice

 
Stereotypes

 
Negative Effects on Communication

 
Case Study: Asian-Americans

 
Prejudice

 
Racism

 
Case Study: India

 
Case Study: The Roma

 
Case Study: Koreans in Japan

 
Case Study: White Privilege

 
Hate Speech

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Part 2: Communication Variables
 
Chapter 3: How Culture Affects Perception
Perception

 
Sensing

 
Effect of Culture on Sensing

 
Perceiving

 
Selection

 
Japanese/English Difficulties With Speech Sounds

 
Organization

 
Grouping Like Objects Together

 
Interpretation

 
Case Study: Dogs as Pets or as Food

 
Case Study: Weather Vane as Christian Cross

 
Case Study: Airport Security

 
High Versus Low Context

 
The Concept of Face

 
Case Study of Communication Between High and Low Context Countries—China and the United States

 
Communication Challenges Between High-Context China and Low-Context United States

 
Historical Context

 
Economy

 
Population

 
Current Issues in Chinese-U.S. Relations

 
Territorial Sovereignty

 
Taiwan

 
Tibet

 
Hong Kong

 
South China Sea

 
Airspace

 
Human Rights

 
Human Rights and Free Speech

 
Broadcast Media and the Internet

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 4: Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal Behaviors

 
Nonverbal Communication Functions

 
Types of Nonverbal Communication

 
Proxemics

 
Territoriality

 
Kinesics

 
Chronemics

 
Paralanguage

 
Silence

 
Haptics

 
Artifactual Communication

 
Olfactics

 
Knowing Culture Through Nonverbal Messages

 
Case Study: The Wai in Thailand

 
Case Study: Nonverbals in High-Context Koreas

 
Nonverbal Misinterpretations as a Barrier

 
Case Study: U.S. Military Use of Symbols in Afghanistan

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 5: Language as a Barrier
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

 
Development of the Hypothesis

 
Vocabulary

 
Grammar and Syntax

 
Criticisms of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

 
Linguistic Relativism

 
Case Study: Arabic and the Arab Culture

 
Translation Problems

 
Vocabulary Equivalence

 
Idiomatic Equivalence

 
Grammatical-Syntactical Equivalence

 
Experiential Equivalence

 
Conceptual Equivalence

 
Human and Machine Translators

 
Pidgins, Creoles, and Universal Languages

 
Pidgins

 
Creoles

 
Esperanto

 
Language as Nationalism

 
Kiswahili in East Africa

 
The Spread of English

 
India

 
South Africa

 
Australia and New Zealand

 
Canada

 
United States

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Part 3: Cultural Values
 
Chapter 6: Dimensions of Nation-State Cultures
Hofstede’s Research

 
Criticisms of Hofstede’s Research

 
The Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner Dimensions

 
Cultural Dimensions

 
Individualism Versus Collectivism

 
Power Distance

 
Uncertainty Avoidance

 
Long-Term Versus Short-Term Orientation

 
Indulgence Versus Self-Restraint

 
Masculinity Versus Femininity

 
Happiness

 
Environmental Sustainability

 
Evolving Cultural Dimension

 
Case Study: Singapore

 
Case Study: Japan as a Homogeneous Culture

 
Geography and History

 
Population and Economy

 
Cultural Patterns

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 7: Values and Identity: Dominant U.S. Cultural Patterns Using Value Orientation Theory
Origins of U.S. Cultural Patterns

 
Pre-16th-Century Indigenous Americans

 
European Enlightenment

 
Regional Differences Resulting From Immigration

 
Forces Toward the Development of a Dominant Culture

 
Value Orientation Theory

 
What Is a Human Being’s Relation to Nature?

 
The Individual-and-Nature Relationship

 
Science and Technology

 
Materialism

 
What Is the Motivation for Human Activity?

 
Activity and Work

 
Efficiency and Practicality

 
Progress and Change

 
What Is the Temporal Focus of Human Life?

 
What Is the Character of Innate Human Nature?

 
Goodness

 
Rationality

 
Mutability

 
What Is the Relationship of the Individual to Others?

 
Individualism

 
Self-Motivation

 
Social Organization

 
Popular Acceptance of Dominant U.S. Cultural Patterns

 
Forces Toward the Development of Regional Cultures

 
The New Regions

 
Social Class

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 8: Religion and Identity
Hinduism

 
Buddhism

 
Japan

 
Christianity

 
Islam

 
The Prophet Muhammad

 
The Quran

 
Views on Religion and Freedom of Thought

 
Religious Practices

 
Islam in the United States

 
The Arab States

 
Saudi Arabia

 
Geography

 
Discovery of Oil

 
Ruling Saud Family and Conservative Wahhabism

 
Media

 
Regional Instability

 
Dominant Cultural Patterns

 
Human Being–Nature Orientation

 
Activity Orientation

 
Time Orientation

 
Human Nature Orientation

 
Relational Orientation

 
Communication Barriers

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 9: Culture and Gender
Status of Women

 
United Nations Studies

 
World Economic Forum Study

 
Health and Survival

 
Educational Attainment

 
Economic Participation and Opportunity

 
Political Participation

 
Comparison of Individual Countries and Areas

 
Nordic Countries

 
Mexico

 
China

 
Japan

 
South Korea

 
India

 
Arab States

 
Role of Women

 
Marriage

 
Nonbinary Gender Identities

 
Examples

 
Cultural Status

 
Gender Expression and Communication

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Part 4: Cultures within Cultures
 
Chapter 10: Migration and Acculturation
A World of Migration

 
Immigration and National Identity

 
Israel

 
Europe

 
Refugees

 
Muslim Immigration

 
Brazil

 
First Wave

 
Second Wave

 
Third Wave

 
Recent Immigration

 
United States

 
Colonial Policies on Immigration

 
U.S. Policies on Immigration

 
Contributing Countries Prior to 1800

 
Contributing Countries Since 1800

 
Immigration and Individual Identity

 
Culture Shock

 
Stages of Culture Shock

 
Symptoms

 
Reverse Culture Shock

 
Predictors of Acculturation

 
Effect of Media and Transportation Advances

 
Categories of Acculturation

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 11: Communities: Cultures Within Cultures
Marginalization: The Hmong

 
History

 
Cultural Patterns

 
Separation: Koreans in Russia

 
Separation: The Amish

 
History

 
Diversity Among the Amish

 
Values

 
Worldview

 
Activity Orientation

 
Human Nature Orientation

 
Relational Orientation

 
Indigenous Cultures

 
Assimilation: United States

 
Melting Pot Concept

 
Integration: United States

 
English-Speaking Cultures

 
Asian-American Cultures

 
Spanish-Speaking Cultures

 
Hispanic Culture Within the U.S. Culture

 
Values

 
Cultural Identity and Media

 
Print

 
Radio

 
Television

 
Spanish-Language Internet and Social Media

 
Spanish Language and Marketing

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 12: Identity and Communities
Argot

 
Specialized Vocabulary

 
Argot and Identity

 
Argot and Boundaries

 
Argot and Meaning

 
Community’s Media and Values

 
Examples

 
British Punk

 
Corporate Cultures

 
Case Study: Southwest Airlines

 
Case Study: Google

 
Sexual Orientation Identities Worldwide

 
Attitudes About Homosexuality and Same-Sex Marriage

 
Cultural Bases for Attitudes

 
Sexual Orientation as a Basis for a Community

 
Sexual Orientation and Othering

 
Consequences of Othering

 
Media and Othering

 
Rejecting All Labels

 
From Separation to Assimilation

 
Evidence of Separate Status

 
Integration or Assimilation of Communities

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Part 5: Applications
 
Chapter 13: The Impact of Cultures on Other Cultures
Colonialism

 
Hawai‘i

 
Australia

 
Cultural Imperialism

 
Development Communication

 
Opinion Leadership and Change Agents

 
Adopters

 
Change Agent Ethics

 
Cultural Icons

 
Cultural Hegemony

 
Japanese Icon in Mexico

 
South Korea’s Cultural Exports

 
Case Study: Quality Circles

 
Case Study: Vietnamese Nail Technicians

 
U.S. Cultural Icons

 
Coca-Cola®

 
Disney

 
McDonald’s

 
KFC

 
Starbucks

 
Spam®

 
Nike

 
Adapting the Message

 
Case Study: Marketing Gerber Baby Foods Worldwide

 
Case Study: Religious Missionary Work in New Guinea

 
Examples of Glocalization

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Terms

 
 
Chapter 14: Future Challenges
Religion

 
Class

 
Gender

 
Race, Skin Color, and Ethnicity

 
Civilization

 
Nation

 
Future Challenges to Identity

 
Challenges to Culture

 
Challenges to the Environment

 
Challenges From Immigration

 
Challenges From Economic Disparity

 
Challenges With Diversity

 
The Promise of New Media

 
A Final Word

 
Summary

 
Discussion Questions

 
Key Term

 
 
Glossary
 
References
 
Index

Supplements

Instructor Resource Site
edge.sagepub.com/jandt10e

Online resources included with this text

The online resources for your text are available via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site, which offers access to all text-specific resources, including a test bank and editable, chapter-specific PowerPoint® slides.
Student Resource Site
edge.sagepub.com/jandt10e

The open-access Student Study Site makes it easy for students to maximize their study time, anywhere, anytime. It offers flashcards that strengthen understanding of key terms and concepts, as well as learning objectives that reinforce the most important material.

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"This newest edition is in line with the superior quality of earlier editions. Impressive in scope, sure to generate class discussion, and with material presented in an interesting manner.”

Ralph Webb
Purdue University

"This text is one of my favorites in the field because it helps students see just how much intercultural communication impacts their daily lives."

Andrea Ané Pearman
Tidewater Community College

"The activities contained in each chapter are particularly valuable and lead to self-reflection. The items for group discussion are plentiful and well organized, leading to interactive and meaningful dialogue in the classroom. The prominent emphasis on historical and global issues, and how they affect intercultural communication, distinguish this textbook from other Intercultural Communication textbooks."

Anne Randerson
California State University, San Marcos

"This text offers an in-depth and sophisticated look at the many facets of culture."

Meredith Marko Harrigan
SUNY Geneseo

"This book is easy to read and digest, well organized, and your students will like it."

Zuoming Wang
University of North Texas

"I have used the Jandt text since I began teaching my course in International and Intercultural Communication, and I continue to use it because it only gets better with age."

Kay L. Colley
Texas Wesleyan University

I will adopt in the Spring for the in-person class. For the online class in the fall, I will keep what the previous teacher used.

Dr Donovan Branche
Murphy Deming Clg of Health Sciences, Mary Baldwin University
July 17, 2023

I have used previous versions of this text and decided to adopt this version.

Dr Qian Huang
Communications, Miami University-Middletown
September 27, 2022
Key features
NEW TO THIS EDITION:
  • Updated content addresses current international developments and communication challenges such as:
    • the relationship between DNA testing and cultural identity;
    • negotiations between North and South Korea;
    • the refugee experience in Europe; and
    • the introduction of the idea of “glocalization.”
  • A rewritten chapter 6 on nation-state cultures highlights the objections and alternatives to Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions.
  • Reorganization of chapters 2 and 3 move intercultural communication competence and ethics to earlier in the text followed by barriers to effective intercultural communication, perception, and an extended discussion of high- and low-context cultures.
  • Content and language has been brought up to date with added coverage of nonbinary gender identities and the replacement of terms like “subculture” and “subgroup” with “community.”

KEY FEATURES:

  • Focus on Skills boxes challenge students to apply the key concepts they have learned in each chapter to a real-life intercultural communication scenario.
  • Focus on Technology features explore contemporary examples of intercultural communication on the Internet, social media, and mobile devices.
  • Focus on Theory boxes call students’ attention to communication theories.
  • Focus on Culture features help students understand cultural practices within their own and other cultures.
  • Global Voices boxes that use brief, provocative quotes introduce students to a range of perspectives on global intercultural communication.
  • Chapter-opening learning objectives identify what students should expect to know or be able to do after engaging with the chapter material.
  • Charts, graphics, and photos convey information in a visually engaging way.
  • Maps help readers better understand the geographical and cultural locales discussed.
  • Case studies of specific cultures connect key concepts to real-world examples.
  • Discussion questions spark in-class conversation and encourage students to reflect critically on what they have learned in each chapter.

Overall Book Changes 

Pedagogy and Feature Sets:

·         End-of-Chapter Pedagogy

Previous editions had refences to recommended reading in a Sage readings text. As that text is no longer available, these references have been deleted.

·         Chapter Features

More than one-third of photos have been changed to reflect new content in text.

·         Glossary

Revised by deleting some terms and adding more new to this edition.

·         Table/Figures, and/or Other Art

Popular map figures retained and added one. Almost all tables revised with updated data.

 

References:

Revised by deleting those eliminated from new edition and by adding those new to this edition. 

Chapter-Specific Changes

Chapter 1:

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Summary of Changes:

New material on DNA testing and cultural identity. The term “community” is first introduced to be used in this new edition rather than the dated terms “subculture” and “subgroup.”

Case Studies condensed to focus more directly on their relevance.

 

Chapter 2:

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Summary of Changes:

There is a major reorganization of Chapters 2 and 3. Responding to reviewers’ comments, intercultural communication competence and ethics have been moved to early in the text followed by barriers to effective intercultural communication.

 

 

 

Chapter 3:

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Summary of Changes:

There is a major reorganization of Chapters 2 and 3 perception is now in Chapter 3 to follow the presentation of intercultural communication competence in Chapter 2. The material on perception then leads into an extended discussion of high and low context cultures which then is applied to an extended case study of China. The material of China is significantly updated to reflect the many changes in China and with China-U.S. relations in recent years.

 

 

Chapter 4:

Please check all that apply

 

?Major Changes      ?Minor Changes       ?Changed Tables/Figures      

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Summary of Changes

New examples include discussion of memes, military visuals on printed material in Afghanistan, and negotiations between North and South Korea.

 

Chapter 5:

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Summary of Changes:

Content updated, particularly material on machine translation. Notably in this chapter theory information embedded in text rather than in separate sections.

 

 

Chapter 6:

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?Major Changes      ?Minor Changes       ?Changed Tables/Figures      

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Summary of Changes:

Chapter totally rewritten to reflect new research. In past editions, the Hofstede data was prominent with only minor mention of objections to the Hofstede data. In this revision, the objections and alternatives to Hofstede are highlighted as is new research reflecting that cultural values do in fact change with time.

 

 

Chapter 7:

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Summary of Changes:

Significant updating of facts and tables.

 

 

Chapter 8:

Please check all that apply

 

?Major Changes      ?Minor Changes       ?Changed Tables/Figures      

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Summary of Changes:

Significant updating of facts and tables; updates of changes in Saudi Arabia

 

 

Chapter 9:

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Summary of Changes:

Significant updating of facts and tables; expanded and new section on nonbinary gender identities

 

 

Chapter 10:

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Summary of Changes:

Significant updating of fact and tables; new material on refugees in Europe; new exercise applying culture shock to university experience

 

 

Chapter 11:

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Summary of Changes:

Introduce terminology change of “communities” for “subculture” and “subgroup.” Discussion of new term “Latinix.”

 

 

Chapter 12:

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Summary of Changes:

As introduced in the previous chapter, the term “community” replaces the term “subgroup.” The concept of intersectionality introduced for the first time.

 

 

Chapter 13:

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Summary of Changes:

The concept of “glocalization” introduced and used extensively in this chapter. New examples include brand ambassadors and media influencers and the group Kpop.

 

 

Chapter 14: Click here to enter text

Please check all that apply

 

?Major Changes      ?Minor Changes       ?Changed Tables/Figures      

?Changes Data &Statistics    ?Changed References/Citation

 

Summary of Changes:

Significant updating of facts and tables.